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Expressions in C Programming
Table of contents
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Introduction
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Turbo C++ IDE
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A Basic C Program
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Fundamentals
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Input/Output Functions
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Control Statements
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Arrays
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Strings
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Functions
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Storage Classes
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Structure
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Union
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Pointers
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Dynamic memory allocation
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File
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Graphics
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The C Preprocessor
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Standard Library Functions
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ASCII Table
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Examples
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Questions and Answers
Expressions
In C programming, expressions are combinations of operators, constants, variables, and function calls that evaluate to a single value. Expressions can be simple or complex, and they form the building blocks of C programs. Understanding expressions is crucial for writing effective and efficient code. An expression is a sequence of operators and operands that specifies the computation of a value. An expression may consist of a single entity or a combination of such entities interconnected by one or more operators. All expressions represent a computation that yields a result, not necessarily a logical connection that is either true or false. Thus, logical-type expressions typically evaluate to numerical quantities, not just true or false values.
In C every expression evaluates to a value i.e., every expression results in some value of a certain type that can be assigned to a variable. Some examples of expressions are shown in the table given below.
A+b
3.14*r*r
a*a+2*a*b+b*b
Example:
Let's delve into the details of expressions in C programming:
1. Types of Expressions:
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Arithmetic Expressions:
Arithmetic expressions involve arithmetic operators such as addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (*), division (/), and modulus (%). For example:
int result = 2 + 3 * (5 - 1);
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Relational Expressions:
Relational expressions are used to compare values. They involve relational operators such as equal to (==), not equal to (!=), greater than (>), less than (<), greater than or equal to (>=), and less than or equal to (<=). For example:
int x = 5, y = 10; if (x < y) { // Do something } -
Logical Expressions:
Logical expressions involve logical operators such as logical AND (&&), logical OR (||), and logical NOT (!). They are used to combine multiple conditions. For example:
int age = 25; if (age >= 18 && age <= 60) { // Do something } -
Bitwise Expressions:
Bitwise expressions involve bitwise operators such as bitwise AND (&), bitwise OR (|), bitwise XOR (^), left shift (<<), and right shift (>>). They operate on individual bits of integers. For example:
int a = 5, b = 3; int result = a & b;
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Assignment Expressions:
Assignment expressions involve the assignment operator (=). They assign a value to a variable. For example:
int x = 10;
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Conditional Expressions (Ternary Operator):
Conditional expressions, also known as the ternary operator, involve the ternary operator (?:). They provide a concise way to express conditional statements. For example:
int x = 10; int result = (x > 5) ? 1 : 0;
2. Precedence and Associativity:
Operators in expressions have precedence and associativity rules that determine the order in which they are evaluated. For example, multiplication (*) has higher precedence than addition (+), so in the expression `2 + 3 * 4`, `3 * 4` is evaluated first. Parentheses can be used to override the default precedence. Associativity determines the order in which operators of the same precedence are evaluated.
3. Side Effects:
Expressions can have side effects, which are changes in the state of a program or its observable behavior. For example, in the expression `x = x + 1`, the value of `x` is incremented by 1.
4. Evaluation:
Expressions in C are evaluated according to the rules of the C language. The result of an expression depends on the types of operands and operators involved.
Conclusion:
Expressions are fundamental elements in C programming, allowing manipulation of data and control flow in programs. Understanding the different types of expressions and their behaviors is essential for writing correct and efficient C code.